新型二氧化铅电极处理染料废水

利用高压塑片法制备掺杂镧和活性炭以及聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的新型二氧化铅电极,采用X衍射(XRD),循环伏安曲线(CV),扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对电极性能进行表征,研究了其电催化处理有机染料废水(亚甲基蓝)的降解效果,并对反应机理进行了相关研究。研究表明,该电极具有良好的抗腐蚀能力,对亚甲基蓝具有较好的降解效果。通过与普通二氧化铅电极比较,该电极在染料脱色和去除COD方面都有较明显优势,显示出较好的工业应用前景。     

沼气高值化利用与净化提纯技术

基于户用沼气池以及传统工业沼气锅炉的低附加值沼气利用方式已经不适合沼气产业规模化和商业化的发展方向,在分析我国沼气资源潜力的基础上,重点介绍了沼气制备车用压缩天然气、管道天然气、热电联产等高值化利用方式及相关标准;针对高值化利用方式,分析比较了现有的高压水洗、物理吸收、化学吸收、变压吸附、膜分离和深冷分离等几种沼气净化提纯工艺的技术及应用情况,介绍了高效沼气脱硫技术,并指出氧、氮含量源头控制的重要性。     

型煤产业发展与提高

本文论述发展工业型煤产业的重要意义和技术质量保证,洁净煤技术是控制污染和节约能源,提高煤炭资源利用率的重要技术项目,将粉煤生产成型煤,为工业、民用提供洁净的燃料,既充分利用煤炭资源同时改善能源结构,又有显著的环保效益,国家把煤炭产业列入中国洁净煤技术有限发展项目,目前制约型煤产业的发展要造气型和燃烧型煤并举,同时有利于用户的节能效益。     

利用剩余活性污泥生产一次性可降解材料

为了缓解污水处理厂日益严重的污泥处置难题,实现剩余活性污泥的无害化、减量化、稳定化、资源化利用。采用SBR系统对剩余活性污泥进行10 d的驯化,加入4.0 g/L的乙酸钠作为发酵培养基碳源和前体物质,累积聚羟基烷酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoates,PHA)。30℃好氧发酵10 h后,PHA积累达1 125 mg/L,占污泥浓度(MLSS)的质量分数为35.7%。然后经过离心、烘干、粉碎后模压成型加工成一次性使用的可生物降解材料。使用正交实验进行优化,结果表明:其最佳的物料配比和模压条件为:干污泥57%;稻草纤维20%;聚乙烯醇(PVA)19%;硬脂酸钡2%;氧化钙2%;最佳工艺条件为100℃,加热1.5 h,此时加工出来的产品具有最优的抗压强度和拉伸强度。以本方法制成的可生物降解花盆其所含细菌总数、粪大肠菌群、蛔虫卵死亡率均达到国标所规定的污泥农用生物安全要求;另外,试样中未检出病毒;其重金属含量也达到国标所规定的污泥农用标准;其可生物降解性能达到了可降解材料的要求。因而本研究制备的一次性使用可降解花盆具有较好的开发和应用价值。     

生活垃圾填埋产沼的提取净化利用

垃圾填埋是目前我国各城市广为采用的垃圾处理方式，但垃圾填埋产沼以后对沼气的回收利用却不被人们所熟知和重视。由此造成了对可开发利用的二次能源的极大浪费，而沼气对周围环境也造成了严重的污染并对大气臭氧层造成了破坏。本文阐述了垃圾填埋产沼回收的必要性和经济性，对垃圾填埋产沼提取利用、制取汽车压缩气的可行性及工艺流程进行了分析和介绍。     

正压空气呼吸器面罩的数字化设计

本文介绍了一种新型正压空气呼吸器面罩的结构设计。分别从数据采集、曲面重构及实体建模等方面对面罩的数字化设计步骤进行了详细阐述，并对面罩视野进行了初步校核。     

固化飞灰形状及填埋方式对重金属浸出的影响

为探究成型形状和填埋方式对生活垃圾焚烧飞灰固化体中重金属浸出的影响，设置固化体尺寸分别为10×10×10cm、10×10×2.5cm、DN=3cm（球），同时设置码放、散乱堆放2种填埋方式进行动态浸出试验.结果表明，在固化体开裂前，球状与长方体、整齐码放与散乱堆放的浸出液pH值存在显著差异；单位质量固化体重金属Pb、Zn、Cr累积浸出量随固液接触面积、堆填散乱度、液固比的增大而增加，固化稳定化飞灰中重金属的浸出符合缩芯模型且主要由扩散过程控制，试验前段Pb、Zn、Cr的2种速率常数与固化体成型比表面积、堆填散乱度、液固比正相关.因此，要减少生活垃圾焚烧厂原灰中重金属的浸出，提高生活垃圾填埋场共处置飞灰固化稳定化产物的安全性，固化体成型时应尽量缩小比表面积同时避免散乱填埋.     

A bayesian network-based safety assessment method for solid propellant granule-casting molding process

The safety of the solid propellant molding process is vital for the stable production of high-quality propellants. Failure events caused by abnormal parameters in the molding process may have catastrophic consequences. In this paper, a Bayesian network (BN) model is proposed to assess the safety of the solid propellant granule-casting molding process. Fault tree analysis (FTA) is developed to construct a causal link between process variables and process failures. Subsequently, expert experience and fuzzy set theory (FST) are used to obtain failure probabilities of the basic events (BEs). Based on the mapping rules, FTA provides BN with reliable prior knowledge and a network structure with interpretability. Finally, when new evidence is obtained, the probability is updated with the diagnostic reasoning capability of BN. The results of the sensitivity analysis and diagnostic inference were combined to identify key parameters in the granule-casting molding process, including curing temperature, vacuum degree, extrusion, calendering roll distance, length setting value, holding time, and polish time. The results of this paper can provide effective supporting information for managers to conduct process safety analysis.     

河流多生境自然塑造技术在北运河流域再生水河道修复中的应用研究

遵循"基于自然的解决方案(Natural based solution)"理念,本研究开发了由渗滤型边滩、生态跌水和近自然河溪构成的河流多生境自然塑造技术及系统,并在北运河流域的再生水河道台头沟实施了工程应用与示范.结果表明,该技术与系统具有良好的水质净化效果,对氨氮、总氮、总磷和化学需氧量的平均削减率分别为62.15...     

Novel Biocomposites Sheet Molding Compounds for Low Cost Housing Panel Applications

Biocomposites were made by a novel high volume processing technique named biocomposite sheet molding compound panel (BCSMCP) manufacturing process. This process design was inspired by the commercial glass fiber–polyester resin composite fabrication method called sheet molding compounding (SMC). This process yields continuous production of biocomposites on a large scale, and thus can be easily adopted in industries. A unique fiber dispersion method, which enabled uniform distribution of natural fibers, was used in this process. Consistency of the process was tested by evaluating the repeatability of the resultant materials mechanical properties. The low cost biocomposites produced as a result of the processing will be used for various panel applications such as housing and transportation. The molded samples were tested for various mechanical and thermal properties, in accordance with ASTM procedures. The biocomposites were made with various natural fibers including, big blue stem grass, jute, and industrial hemp. By combining different natural fibers in varying mass fractions, hybrid biocomposites were made using this process. Grass fiber reinforced polyester biocomposites processed by the SMC line showed very promising results.